![]() Fatty liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus: relation to regional adiposity, fatty acids, and insulin resistance. Kelley DE, McKolanis TM, Hegazi RA, Kuller LH, Kalhan SC. Liver-fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese women with previous gestational diabetes. Tiikkainen M, Tamminen M, Hakkinen AM, Bergholm R, Vehkavaara S, Halavaara J, et al. The “obese insulin-sensitive” adolescent: importance of adiponectin and lipid partitioning. Weiss R, Taksali SE, Dufour S, Yeckel CW, Papademetris X, Cline G, et al. Intramyocellular lipids: anthropometric determinants and relationships with maximal aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity. Thamer C, Machann J, Bachmann O, Haap M, Dahl D, Wietek B, et al. Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Jacob S, Machann J, Rett K, Brechtel K, Volk A, Renn W, et al. ![]() Metabolic complications of childhood obesity: identifying and mitigating the risk. Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance. Matthaei S, Stumvoll M, Kellerer M, Haring HU. Central adiposity and its metabolic correlates in obese adolescent girls. 2008 159 Suppl 1:S67–74.Ĭaprio S, Hyman LD, Limb C, McCarthy S, Lange R, Sherwin RS, et al. Insulin resistance and obesity in childhood. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute American Heart Association World Heart Federation International Atherosclerosis Society and International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2008 29:777–822.Īlberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. 2005 365:1415–28.Ĭornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, Lindstrom RC, Steig AJ, Stob NR, et al. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010. Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: Although there are some studies that have shown the association between childhood and adolescent MetS with long-term outcomes, further prospective studies are needed to clarify the true value of diagnosing MetS in youth. However, there are still some concerns about use of cut-offs values and dichotomous variables, and some debate as to whether a continuous cardiometabolic risk score could be more appropriate for the pediatric population. The recent definition of the International Diabetes Federation has tried to standardize the diagnostic criteria. Several definitions of the MetS have been used, thus, generating confusion and difficulties in defining the true prevalence of this syndrome. The prevalence of the MetS is not particularly high in the overall pediatric population (3 %–4 %) but it is as high as 30 %–50 % among overweight youth. In this case, the baby would have a 75 percent level of mosaicism.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. If 5 cells have 46 chromosomes and 15 have 47 chromosomes, a baby has a positive mosaic Down syndrome diagnosis. To confirm mosaic Down syndrome, doctors will analyze chromosomes from 20 cells. Mosaic Down syndrome is typically described through a percentage. ![]() This test is typically performed in the second trimester. Amniocentesis analyzes an amniotic fluid sample surrounding the growing fetus. This test can be completed in the first trimester. Chorionic villus sampling uses a sample of the placenta to do this. The two most common diagnostic tests are chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis.īoth tests take samples from the uterus to analyze chromosomes. Diagnostic testsĭiagnostic tests can confirm if your baby has Down syndrome before it’s born. They can determine, though, whether more tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Screening tests only provide the likelihood of a baby developing Down syndrome. These screens measure hormone levels in the blood to detect abnormalities and use an ultrasound to look for irregular fluid buildup in the baby’s neck. They’re usually provided during the first and second trimesters. ![]() Screening tests for Down syndrome are offered as routine testing during pregnancy. These tests show the likelihood that the fetus will have Down syndrome and can identify health problems early. Doctors can perform tests to screen for Down syndrome during pregnancy. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |